New topical microemulsions of etofenamate as sufficient management of osteoarthritis

Abstract In this study, microemulsions containing etofenamate were prepared and evaluated as dermal delivery carriers. The developed microemulsions consist of oleic acid, Span 80, Tween 20, Cremophor EL, Transcutol and ethanol. The percentage of etofenamate loading in the microemulsions was 5% (w/w). The characterization of formulations included droplet size, zeta potential, pH, conductivity, PDI, refractive index and viscosity. Moreover, ex vivo penetration study was carried out using mice abdominal skin. The developed formulations were analyzed for their cytotoxicity via MTT assay and tested for their anti-inflammatory properties opposed to LPS-stimulated nitrite prοduction in RAW 264.7 cells. As ideal formulation, M2ETF, was chosen due to its greater permeation, lower penetration as well as higher anti-inflammatory

Phonophoresis of Etofenamate Gel for Postoperative Analgesia after Total Knee Arthroplasty / 中国医科大学学报

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of phonophoresis of etofenamate gel for postoperative analgesia after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).Methods A total of 80 adult patients were randomly divided into experimental and control groups (n =40 in each group).The same basic analgesia protocol was performed in both groups,while phonophoresis of etofenamate gel was performed only in the experimental group (twice per day,from day 1 to day 7,postoperatively).Data recorded during an 8-week follow-up included Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores at rest and during continuous passive motion before surgery and 1 d,3 d,5 d,and 7 d after surgery,range of motion before surgery and 3 d,5 d,7 d,and 8 weeks after surgery,and Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) scores before surgery and 8 weeks after surgery.SPSS 18.0 was used for statistical analysis.Results The VAS scores at rest and during continuous passive motion 3 d,5 d,and 7 d after surgery were lower in the experimental group than in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The range of motion 3 d,5 d,7 d,and 8 weeks after surgery was better in the experimental group than in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The HSS scores 8 weeks after surgery were better in the experimental group than in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Phonophoresis of etofenamate gel provides effective pain control after TKA and is helpful for early functional recovery.

Adverse reaction of topical etofenamate: petechial eruption / Reacción adversa del etofenamato tópico: erupción petequial

Etofenamate is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Clinical findings caused by etofenamate are uncommon. Allergic contact dermatitis is the most common cutaneous reaction reported. But petechial eruption due to etofenamate had not been reported yet. This report concerns an 11-year old male with petechial eruption after application of topical etofenamate. Physicians need to be aware that patients can develop an asymptomatic purpuric eruption when etofenamate is ordered.

El etofenamato es un antiinflamatorio no esteroideo (AINE). Los hallazgos clínicos sobre los efectos del etofenamato son poco comunes. La dermatitis alérgica por contacto es la reacción cutánea más comúnmente reportada. En cambio, la erupción petequial a causa del etofenamato no se había reportado hasta ahora. Este reporte trata de un varón de 11 años de edad con erupción petequial tras la aplicación del etofenamato tópico. Es necesario que los médicos tomen conciencia de que los pacientes pueden desarrollar una erupción púrpura asintomática, a la hora de prescribir el etofenamato.